use std::path::Path;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};

use anyhow::{bail, Result};
use rand::rngs::OsRng;
use rand::RngCore;
use rusqlite::{params, Connection, OptionalExtension};

use crate::crypto::{
    decrypt_node_name, derive_kek, encrypt_node_name, generate_dummy_slot, unwrap_key_payload,
    KdfParams, CHUNK_SIZE, FORMAT_VERSION, FORMAT_VERSION_V1, FORMAT_VERSION_V2, MAGIC_BYTES,
};
use zeroize::Zeroizing;

#[allow(dead_code)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct NodeRecord {
    pub id: i64,
    pub parent_id: Option<i64>,
    pub name: String,
    pub is_dir: bool,
    pub size: u64,
    pub created_at: u64,
    pub modified_at: u64,
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ChunkRecord {
    pub node_id: i64,
    pub chunk_index: u32,
    pub nonce: [u8; 12],
    pub tag: [u8; 16],
    pub ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct SlotMeta {
    pub slot_id: u32,
    pub version: u32,
    pub kdf_salt: [u8; 16],
    pub kdf_params: KdfParams,
    pub wrapped_dek: Vec<u8>,
    pub header_nonce: [u8; 12],
    pub header_tag: [u8; 16],
}

/// Ergebnis einer erfolgreichen Authentifizierung eines Container-Slots.
/// Die Tupel-Struktur (0: DEK, 1: Version, 2: Slot-ID, 3: Carrier-DEK, 4: Carrier-Node-ID)
/// garantiert 100%ige Abwärtskompatibilität zu bestehendem Code (z. B. `auth.0`, `auth.2`).
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct UnlockedKeys(
    pub Zeroizing<[u8; 32]>,         // 0: DEK (DEK_0 bei Slot 0, DEK_1 bei Slot 1)
    pub u32,                         // 1: Formatversion
    pub u32,                         // 2: Slot-ID (0 = Decoy/Standard, 1 = Hidden Vault)
    pub Option<Zeroizing<[u8; 32]>>, // 3: Carrier DEK_0 (bei Slot 1 im Modell A vorhanden)
    pub Option<i64>,                 // 4: Carrier Node ID (Inode der Alibi-Datei in nodes)
);

impl UnlockedKeys {
    pub fn dek(&self) -> &Zeroizing<[u8; 32]> {
        &self.0
    }
    pub fn version(&self) -> u32 {
        self.1
    }
    pub fn slot_id(&self) -> u32 {
        self.2
    }
    pub fn carrier_dek(&self) -> Option<Zeroizing<[u8; 32]>> {
        self.3.clone()
    }
    pub fn carrier_node_id(&self) -> Option<i64> {
        self.4
    }
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ContainerMeta {
    pub version: u32,
    pub kdf_salt: [u8; 16],
    pub kdf_params: KdfParams,
    pub wrapped_dek: Vec<u8>,
    pub header_nonce: [u8; 12],
    pub header_tag: [u8; 16],
    pub slots: Vec<SlotMeta>,
}

impl ContainerMeta {
    /// Authentifiziert ein Master-Passwort über alle Header-Slots in strikt konstanter Zeit (Anti-Timing Side-Channel).
    /// Führt für ausnahmslos ALLE vorhandenen Slots die KDF-Ableitung und das DEK-Unwrapping durch.
    /// Dadurch ist die Rechenzeit für Decoy und Hidden Vault bit-genau identisch (2x Argon2id).
    pub fn authenticate(&self, password: &str) -> Option<UnlockedKeys> {
        let mut matching = None;
        for slot in &self.slots {
            let res = derive_kek(password, &slot.kdf_salt, &slot.kdf_params)
                .ok()
                .and_then(|kek| {
                    unwrap_key_payload(&kek, &slot.wrapped_dek, &slot.header_nonce, &slot.header_tag).ok()
                });

            if let Some(payload) = res {
                if matching.is_none() {
                    if slot.slot_id == 0 {
                        let mut dek = Zeroizing::new([0u8; 32]);
                        let carrier_node_id = if payload.len() >= 40 {
                            dek.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..32]);
                            let cid = i64::from_le_bytes(payload[32..40].try_into().unwrap());
                            if cid > 0 { Some(cid) } else { None }
                        } else if payload.len() >= 32 {
                            dek.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..32]);
                            None
                        } else {
                            continue;
                        };
                        matching = Some(UnlockedKeys(dek, slot.version, 0, None, carrier_node_id));
                    } else if slot.slot_id == 1 {
                        let mut dek_1 = Zeroizing::new([0u8; 32]);
                        let mut dek_0 = Zeroizing::new([0u8; 32]);
                        let (carrier_dek, carrier_node_id) = if payload.len() >= 72 {
                            dek_1.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..32]);
                            dek_0.copy_from_slice(&payload[32..64]);
                            let cid = i64::from_le_bytes(payload[64..72].try_into().unwrap());
                            (Some(dek_0), if cid > 0 { Some(cid) } else { None })
                        } else if payload.len() >= 64 {
                            dek_1.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..32]);
                            dek_0.copy_from_slice(&payload[32..64]);
                            (Some(dek_0), None)
                        } else if payload.len() >= 32 {
                            dek_1.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..32]);
                            (None, None)
                        } else {
                            continue;
                        };
                        matching = Some(UnlockedKeys(dek_1, slot.version, 1, carrier_dek, carrier_node_id));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        matching
    }
}

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Database {
    conn: Arc<Mutex<Connection>>,
}

fn current_timestamp() -> u64 {
    SystemTime::now()
        .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
        .map(|d| d.as_secs())
        .unwrap_or(0)
}

impl Database {
    /// Öffnet oder erstellt die Container-Datenbank und initialisiert die Pragmas.
    pub fn open<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Self> {
        let path_ref = path.as_ref();
        let conn = match Connection::open(path_ref) {
            Ok(c) => c,
            Err(e) => {
                let err_str = e.to_string();
                if err_str.contains("Access is denied")
                    || err_str.contains("permission denied")
                    || err_str.contains("os error 5")
                {
                    bail!(
                        "Zugriff auf '{}' verweigert (OS Fehler 5 / Access Denied).\n\
                         [!] Möglicherweise blockiert durch Windows Defender 'Überwachter Ordnerzugriff' (Controlled Folder Access).\n\
                         [i] Abhilfe: Fügen Sie 'sanctum.exe' in den Windows-Sicherheitseinstellungen (Viren- & Bedrohungsschutz -> Ransomware-Schutz -> Überwachter Ordnerzugriff) als erlaubte App hinzu, oder platzieren Sie den Container außerhalb geschützter Benutzerordner.",
                        path_ref.display()
                    );
                }
                return Err(e.into());
            }
        };
        let db = Self {
            conn: Arc::new(Mutex::new(conn)),
        };
        db.init_pragmas()?;
        db.ensure_schema_upgrades()?;
        Ok(db)
    }

    /// Öffnet eine In-Memory-Datenbank (vorwiegend für Tests).
    #[cfg(test)]
    pub fn open_in_memory() -> Result<Self> {
        let conn = Connection::open_in_memory()?;
        let db = Self {
            conn: Arc::new(Mutex::new(conn)),
        };
        db.init_pragmas()?;
        db.ensure_schema_upgrades()?;
        Ok(db)
    }

    pub fn conn_for_test(&self) -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'_, Connection> {
        self.conn.lock().unwrap()
    }

    /// Authentifiziert ein Master-Passwort gegen den Container in konstanter Zeit.
    pub fn authenticate_password(&self, password: &str) -> Result<Option<UnlockedKeys>> {
        let meta = self.read_meta()?;
        Ok(meta.authenticate(password))
    }

    /// Führt automatische, rückwärtskompatible Schema-Upgrades (z. B. Spalte slot_id, auto_vacuum) durch.
    pub fn ensure_schema_upgrades(&self) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let av: i64 = conn.query_row("PRAGMA auto_vacuum;", [], |r| r.get(0)).unwrap_or(0);
        if av != 2 {
            // Upgrade bestehender Datenbanken auf INCREMENTAL auto_vacuum
            let _ = conn.execute_batch("PRAGMA auto_vacuum = INCREMENTAL; VACUUM;");
        }

        // Spalte slot_id in meta (falls aus v1 migriert)
        let _ = conn.execute("ALTER TABLE meta ADD COLUMN slot_id INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0", []);

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Setzt die vorgeschriebenen SQLite3-Pragmas: 8192 Page-Size, Incremental Auto-Vacuum, WAL, NORMAL synchronous, Secure Delete.
    pub fn init_pragmas(&self) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        conn.execute_batch(
            "PRAGMA page_size = 8192;
             PRAGMA auto_vacuum = INCREMENTAL;
             PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL;
             PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL;
             PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
             PRAGMA secure_delete = ON;
             PRAGMA busy_timeout = 5000;",
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Führt ein inkrementelles Auto-Vacuum aus, um freigegebene Datenbankseiten an das Betriebssystem zurückzugeben.
    pub fn incremental_vacuum(&self, pages: Option<usize>) -> Result<usize> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let before: i64 = conn.query_row("PRAGMA freelist_count;", [], |r| r.get(0)).unwrap_or(0);
        if before <= 0 {
            return Ok(0);
        }

        let pragma_sql = match pages {
            Some(n) => format!("PRAGMA incremental_vacuum({});", n),
            None => "PRAGMA incremental_vacuum;".to_string(),
        };

        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(&pragma_sql)?;
        let mut rows = stmt.query([])?;
        let mut stepped = 0;
        while let Some(_) = rows.next()? {
            stepped += 1;
        }
        drop(rows);
        drop(stmt);

        let after: i64 = conn.query_row("PRAGMA freelist_count;", [], |r| r.get(0)).unwrap_or(0);
        let actual_freed = (before - after).max(0) as usize;
        Ok(actual_freed.max(stepped))
    }

    /// Gibt die Anzahl ungenutzter Freelist-Seiten zurück.
    pub fn freelist_count(&self) -> Result<usize> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let count: i64 = conn.query_row("PRAGMA freelist_count;", [], |r| r.get(0))?;
        Ok(count as usize)
    }

    /// Sucht nach einem existierenden Carrier-Knoten im Decoy-Wurzelverzeichnis (parent_id = 1, is_dir = 0).
    pub fn find_carrier_node_id(&self) -> Result<Option<i64>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT id FROM nodes WHERE parent_id = 1 AND is_dir = 0 ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1",
        )?;
        let id = stmt.query_row([], |r| r.get::<_, i64>(0)).optional()?;
        Ok(id)
    }

    /// Prüft, ob ein Knoten (z. B. der Carrier-Knoten) ein Nachfahre (direkt oder indirekt) eines Verzeichnisses ist.
    pub fn is_descendant_of(&self, node_id: i64, ancestor_id: i64) -> Result<bool> {
        if node_id == ancestor_id {
            return Ok(true);
        }
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "WITH RECURSIVE sub(id) AS (
                SELECT id FROM nodes WHERE id = ?1
                UNION ALL
                SELECT n.id FROM nodes n JOIN sub ON n.parent_id = sub.id
            )
            SELECT 1 FROM sub WHERE id = ?2 LIMIT 1;",
        )?;
        let exists: Option<i64> = stmt.query_row(params![ancestor_id, node_id], |r| r.get(0)).optional()?;
        Ok(exists.is_some())
    }

    /// Überschreibt Chunks eines Knotens vor dem Löschen mit kryptografischem Zufallsrauschen (Chunk Shredding).
    pub fn shred_chunks_for_node(&self, node_id: i64) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT chunk_index, length(ciphertext) FROM chunks WHERE node_id = ?1"
        )?;
        let chunks: Vec<(u32, usize)> = stmt
            .query_map(params![node_id], |row| Ok((row.get(0)?, row.get(1)?)))?
            .filter_map(|r| r.ok())
            .collect();

        for (chunk_idx, ct_len) in chunks {
            let mut noise = vec![0u8; ct_len];
            let mut nonce_noise = [0u8; 12];
            let mut tag_noise = [0u8; 16];
            OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut noise);
            OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut nonce_noise);
            OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut tag_noise);

            let _ = conn.execute(
                "UPDATE chunks SET nonce = ?1, tag = ?2, ciphertext = ?3 WHERE node_id = ?4 AND chunk_index = ?5",
                params![nonce_noise.as_slice(), tag_noise.as_slice(), noise, node_id, chunk_idx],
            );
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Initialisiert das Datenbankschema für Modell A (Alibi-Carrier / Steganografischer Tresor).
    /// Legt die Trägerdatei im Decoy-Vault an und allokiert alle Carrier-Chunks mit initialem Rauschen.
    /// Sowohl Standard-Container als auch Container mit Hidden Vault besitzen eine bit- und schemagleiche Struktur:
    /// - Slot 0: 40 Bytes gewrappter Payload (32B DEK_0 || 8B carrier_node_id)
    /// - Slot 1: 72 Bytes gewrappter Payload (32B DEK_1 || 32B DEK_0 || 8B carrier_node_id oder CSPRNG-Rauschen)
    /// - 2 Root-Knoten (id=1 für Vault 0, id=2 für Vault 1)
    /// - 0 unzugeordnete Chunks: 100% aller Chunks gehören zu legitimen Decoy-Inodes und authentifizieren fehlerfrei unter DEK_0!
    pub fn init_schema_with_carrier(
        &self,
        salt_0: &[u8; 16],
        kdf_params_0: &KdfParams,
        wrapped_dek_0: &[u8],
        header_nonce_0: &[u8; 12],
        header_tag_0: &[u8; 16],
        carrier_config: Option<(
            &str,        // carrier_name
            u64,         // carrier_size_bytes
            &[u8; 16],   // salt_1
            &KdfParams,  // kdf_params_1
            &[u8],       // wrapped_dek_1 (72B)
            &[u8; 12],   // header_nonce_1
            &[u8; 16],   // header_tag_1
            &[u8; 32],   // raw DEK_0
            &[u8; 32],   // raw DEK_1
        )>,
    ) -> Result<Option<i64>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();

        conn.execute_batch(
            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS meta (
                slot_id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
                magic BLOB NOT NULL,
                version INTEGER NOT NULL,
                kdf_salt BLOB NOT NULL,
                kdf_params TEXT NOT NULL,
                wrapped_dek BLOB NOT NULL,
                header_nonce BLOB NOT NULL,
                header_tag BLOB NOT NULL
            );

            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS nodes (
                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                parent_id INTEGER,
                name TEXT NOT NULL,
                is_dir INTEGER NOT NULL,
                size INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
                created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
                modified_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
                FOREIGN KEY(parent_id) REFERENCES nodes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
            );
            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_nodes_parent_name ON nodes(parent_id, name) WHERE parent_id IS NOT NULL;

            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS chunks (
                node_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
                chunk_index INTEGER NOT NULL,
                nonce BLOB NOT NULL,
                tag BLOB NOT NULL,
                ciphertext BLOB NOT NULL,
                PRIMARY KEY (node_id, chunk_index),
                FOREIGN KEY(node_id) REFERENCES nodes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
            );",
        )?;

        // Slot 0 einfügen (Standard / Decoy Vault)
        let params_json_0 = serde_json::to_string(kdf_params_0)?;
        conn.execute(
            "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
             VALUES (0, ?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7)",
            params![
                MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                FORMAT_VERSION,
                salt_0.as_slice(),
                params_json_0,
                wrapped_dek_0,
                header_nonce_0.as_slice(),
                header_tag_0.as_slice(),
            ],
        )?;

        let now = current_timestamp();
        // Wurzelknoten für beide Vaults anlegen (immer vorhanden für einheitliche Struktur)
        conn.execute(
            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO nodes (id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at)
             VALUES (1, NULL, '', 1, 0, ?1, ?2)",
            params![now, now],
        )?;
        conn.execute(
            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO nodes (id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at)
             VALUES (2, NULL, '', 1, 0, ?1, ?2)",
            params![now, now],
        )?;

        let carrier_node_id = if let Some((
            c_name,
            c_size,
            h_salt,
            h_params,
            h_wrapped,
            h_nonce,
            h_tag,
            dek_0,
            dek_1,
        )) = carrier_config
        {
            // Trägerdatei in nodes (parent_id = 1, Decoy Root) anlegen
            conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO nodes (parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at)
                 VALUES (1, ?1, 0, ?2, ?3, ?4)",
                params![c_name, c_size as i64, now, now],
            )?;
            let c_id = conn.last_insert_rowid();

            // Berechne Blockanzahl (min. 2 Blöcke: Block 0 für Manifest, Block 1+ für Nutzdaten)
            let total_blocks = c_size.div_ceil(CHUNK_SIZE as u64).max(2) as u32;

            // Slot 1 (Hidden Vault) einfügen
            let params_json_1 = serde_json::to_string(h_params)?;
            conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
                 VALUES (1, ?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7)",
                params![
                    MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                    FORMAT_VERSION,
                    h_salt.as_slice(),
                    params_json_1,
                    h_wrapped,
                    h_nonce.as_slice(),
                    h_tag.as_slice(),
                ],
            )?;

            // Initialisiere CarrierManifest für Block 0
            let manifest = crate::carrier::CarrierManifest::new(total_blocks);
            let manifest_bytes = serde_json::to_vec(&manifest)?;

            let (inner_ct, inner_nonce, inner_tag) = crate::crypto::encrypt_chunk(
                dek_1,
                c_id,
                0,
                &manifest_bytes,
                FORMAT_VERSION,
            )?;
            let inner_ct_len = inner_ct.len() as u32;

            let mut outer_plaintext = vec![0u8; CHUNK_SIZE];
            OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut outer_plaintext);

            outer_plaintext[0..12].copy_from_slice(&inner_nonce);
            outer_plaintext[12..28].copy_from_slice(&inner_tag);
            outer_plaintext[28..32].copy_from_slice(&inner_ct_len.to_le_bytes());
            let ct_end = 32 + inner_ct.len();
            if ct_end > CHUNK_SIZE {
                bail!("Manifest-Payload zu groß für Block 0");
            }
            outer_plaintext[32..ct_end].copy_from_slice(&inner_ct);

            let (outer_ct, outer_nonce, outer_tag) = crate::crypto::encrypt_chunk(
                dek_0,
                c_id,
                0,
                &outer_plaintext,
                FORMAT_VERSION,
            )?;

            conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO chunks (node_id, chunk_index, nonce, tag, ciphertext)
                 VALUES (?1, 0, ?2, ?3, ?4)",
                params![c_id, outer_nonce.as_slice(), outer_tag.as_slice(), outer_ct],
            )?;

            // Blöcke 1..total_blocks-1 mit DEK_0 vorallokieren
            let mut chunk_stmt = conn.prepare(
                "INSERT INTO chunks (node_id, chunk_index, nonce, tag, ciphertext)
                 VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5)",
            )?;

            let mut dummy_noise = vec![0u8; CHUNK_SIZE];
            OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut dummy_noise);

            conn.execute_batch("BEGIN TRANSACTION;")?;
            for b in 1..total_blocks {
                let (ct, nonce, tag) = crate::crypto::encrypt_chunk(
                    dek_0,
                    c_id,
                    b,
                    &dummy_noise,
                    FORMAT_VERSION,
                )?;
                chunk_stmt.execute(params![
                    c_id,
                    b,
                    nonce.as_slice(),
                    tag.as_slice(),
                    ct,
                ])?;

                if b % 500 == 0 {
                    conn.execute_batch("COMMIT; BEGIN TRANSACTION;")?;
                }
            }
            conn.execute_batch("COMMIT;")?;

            Some(c_id)
        } else {
            // Slot 1 mit CSPRNG-Zufallsdaten gleicher Struktur und Entropie (72 Bytes für Modell A)
            let (dummy_dek, dummy_nonce, dummy_tag, dummy_salt) = generate_dummy_slot();
            let dummy_params_json = serde_json::to_string(&KdfParams::default())?;
            conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
                 VALUES (1, ?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7)",
                params![
                    MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                    FORMAT_VERSION,
                    dummy_salt.as_slice(),
                    dummy_params_json,
                    dummy_dek.as_slice(),
                    dummy_nonce.as_slice(),
                    dummy_tag.as_slice(),
                ],
            )?;

            None
        };

        Ok(carrier_node_id)
    }

    /// Initialisiert das Datenbankschema mit Unterstützung für Plausible Deniability (optionaler Hidden Vault).
    /// Sowohl Standard-Container als auch Container mit Hidden Vault besitzen eine bit- und schemagleiche Struktur:
    /// - 2 Slots in der meta-Tabelle (Slot 0 + Slot 1 mit echtem KEK oder ununterscheidbarem CSPRNG-Rauschen)
    /// - 2 Root-Knoten (id=1 für Vault 0, id=2 für Vault 1)
    /// - Keinerlei Klartext-Kennzeichnungen wie `vault_id` in SQLite
    pub fn init_schema_with_hidden(
        &self,
        salt: &[u8; 16],
        kdf_params: &KdfParams,
        wrapped_dek: &[u8],
        header_nonce: &[u8; 12],
        header_tag: &[u8; 16],
        hidden: Option<(&[u8; 16], &KdfParams, &[u8], &[u8; 12], &[u8; 16])>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();

        conn.execute_batch(
            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS meta (
                slot_id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
                magic BLOB NOT NULL,
                version INTEGER NOT NULL,
                kdf_salt BLOB NOT NULL,
                kdf_params TEXT NOT NULL,
                wrapped_dek BLOB NOT NULL,
                header_nonce BLOB NOT NULL,
                header_tag BLOB NOT NULL
            );

            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS nodes (
                id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                parent_id INTEGER,
                name TEXT NOT NULL,
                is_dir INTEGER NOT NULL,
                size INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
                created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
                modified_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
                FOREIGN KEY(parent_id) REFERENCES nodes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
            );
            CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_nodes_parent_name ON nodes(parent_id, name) WHERE parent_id IS NOT NULL;

            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS chunks (
                node_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
                chunk_index INTEGER NOT NULL,
                nonce BLOB NOT NULL,
                tag BLOB NOT NULL,
                ciphertext BLOB NOT NULL,
                PRIMARY KEY (node_id, chunk_index),
                FOREIGN KEY(node_id) REFERENCES nodes(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
            );",
        )?;

        // Slot 0 einfügen (Standard / Decoy Vault)
        let params_json_0 = serde_json::to_string(kdf_params)?;
        conn.execute(
            "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
             VALUES (0, ?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7)",
            params![
                MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                FORMAT_VERSION,
                salt.as_slice(),
                params_json_0,
                wrapped_dek,
                header_nonce.as_slice(),
                header_tag.as_slice(),
            ],
        )?;

        // Wurzelknoten für beide Vaults anlegen (immer vorhanden für einheitliche Struktur)
        let now = current_timestamp();
        conn.execute(
            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO nodes (id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at)
             VALUES (1, NULL, '', 1, 0, ?1, ?2)",
            params![now, now],
        )?;
        conn.execute(
            "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO nodes (id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at)
             VALUES (2, NULL, '', 1, 0, ?1, ?2)",
            params![now, now],
        )?;

        // Slot 1: Entweder echter Hidden Vault ODER ununterscheidbares kryptografisches Rauschen (Plausible Deniability)
        if let Some((h_salt, h_params, h_wrapped, h_nonce, h_tag)) = hidden {
            let params_json_1 = serde_json::to_string(h_params)?;
            conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
                 VALUES (1, ?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7)",
                params![
                    MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                    FORMAT_VERSION,
                    h_salt.as_slice(),
                    params_json_1,
                    h_wrapped,
                    h_nonce.as_slice(),
                    h_tag.as_slice(),
                ],
            )?;
        } else {
            // Fülle Slot 1 mit CSPRNG-Zufallsdaten gleicher Struktur und Entropie
            let (dummy_dek, dummy_nonce, dummy_tag, dummy_salt) = generate_dummy_slot();
            let dummy_params_json = serde_json::to_string(&KdfParams::default())?;
            conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
                 VALUES (1, ?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7)",
                params![
                    MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                    FORMAT_VERSION,
                    dummy_salt.as_slice(),
                    dummy_params_json,
                    dummy_dek.as_slice(),
                    dummy_nonce.as_slice(),
                    dummy_tag.as_slice(),
                ],
            )?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Initialisiert das Datenbankschema für einen Standard-Container (mit Dummy-Slot für Plausible Deniability).
    pub fn init_schema(
        &self,
        salt: &[u8; 16],
        kdf_params: &KdfParams,
        wrapped_dek: &[u8],
        header_nonce: &[u8; 12],
        header_tag: &[u8; 16],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        self.init_schema_with_hidden(salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag, None)
    }

    /// Liest alle Header-Slots aus der `meta`-Tabelle aus (Slot 0 = Decoy/Standard, Slot 1 = Hidden Vault oder Dummy-Rauschen).
    pub fn read_slots(&self) -> Result<Vec<SlotMeta>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT slot_id, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag
             FROM meta ORDER BY slot_id ASC",
        )?;

        let rows = stmt.query_map([], |row| {
            let slot_id: u32 = row.get(0)?;
            let version: u32 = row.get(1)?;
            let salt_vec: Vec<u8> = row.get(2)?;
            let params_str: String = row.get(3)?;
            let wrapped_dek: Vec<u8> = row.get(4)?;
            let nonce_vec: Vec<u8> = row.get(5)?;
            let tag_vec: Vec<u8> = row.get(6)?;

            let mut kdf_salt = [0u8; 16];
            if salt_vec.len() == 16 {
                kdf_salt.copy_from_slice(&salt_vec);
            }
            let mut header_nonce = [0u8; 12];
            if nonce_vec.len() == 12 {
                header_nonce.copy_from_slice(&nonce_vec);
            }
            let mut header_tag = [0u8; 16];
            if tag_vec.len() == 16 {
                header_tag.copy_from_slice(&tag_vec);
            }

            let kdf_params: KdfParams = serde_json::from_str(&params_str).unwrap_or_default();

            Ok(SlotMeta {
                slot_id,
                version,
                kdf_salt,
                kdf_params,
                wrapped_dek,
                header_nonce,
                header_tag,
            })
        })?;

        let mut slots = Vec::new();
        for r in rows {
            slots.push(r?);
        }
        Ok(slots)
    }

    /// Liest die Metadaten des Containers (Slot 0 und alle Slots) aus der `meta`-Tabelle aus und verifiziert die Magic Bytes.
    pub fn read_meta(&self) -> Result<ContainerMeta> {
        let slots = self.read_slots()?;
        if slots.is_empty() {
            bail!("Container-Header ist leer oder beschädigt");
        }

        let slot0 = &slots[0];
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let magic: Vec<u8> = conn.query_row(
            "SELECT magic FROM meta WHERE slot_id = 0 LIMIT 1",
            [],
            |r| r.get(0),
        )?;

        if magic.as_slice() != MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice() {
            bail!("Ungültige Sanctum-Containerdatei: Magic Bytes stimmen nicht überein");
        }

        if slot0.version != FORMAT_VERSION_V1 && slot0.version != FORMAT_VERSION_V2 {
            bail!("Nicht unterstützte Sanctum-Formatversion: {}", slot0.version);
        }

        Ok(ContainerMeta {
            version: slot0.version,
            kdf_salt: slot0.kdf_salt,
            kdf_params: slot0.kdf_params.clone(),
            wrapped_dek: slot0.wrapped_dek.clone(),
            header_nonce: slot0.header_nonce,
            header_tag: slot0.header_tag,
            slots,
        })
    }

    /// Aktualisiert KDF-Salt, KDF-Parameter und den neu verpackten DEK in Slot 0 (Passwortänderung).
    pub fn update_meta_keys(
        &self,
        new_salt: &[u8; 16],
        new_params: &KdfParams,
        new_wrapped_dek: &[u8],
        new_header_nonce: &[u8; 12],
        new_header_tag: &[u8; 16],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        self.update_slot_keys(0, new_salt, new_params, new_wrapped_dek, new_header_nonce, new_header_tag)
    }

    /// Aktualisiert die kryptografischen Schlüssel eines bestimmten Slots.
    pub fn update_slot_keys(
        &self,
        slot_id: u32,
        new_salt: &[u8; 16],
        new_params: &KdfParams,
        new_wrapped_dek: &[u8],
        new_header_nonce: &[u8; 12],
        new_header_tag: &[u8; 16],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let params_json = serde_json::to_string(new_params)?;
        let rows_affected = conn.execute(
            "UPDATE meta SET kdf_salt = ?1, kdf_params = ?2, wrapped_dek = ?3, header_nonce = ?4, header_tag = ?5 WHERE slot_id = ?6",
            params![
                new_salt.as_slice(),
                params_json,
                new_wrapped_dek,
                new_header_nonce.as_slice(),
                new_header_tag.as_slice(),
                slot_id,
            ],
        )?;

        if rows_affected == 0 {
            bail!("Konnte Container-Header für Slot {} nicht aktualisieren", slot_id);
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Aktualisiert die Version in der meta-Tabelle (z. B. für Migrationen oder Tests).
    pub fn set_meta_version(&self, version: u32) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let rows_affected = conn.execute("UPDATE meta SET version = ?1", params![version])?;
        if rows_affected == 0 {
            bail!("Konnte Container-Version nicht aktualisieren: meta-Tabelle ist leer");
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Ermittelt die Root-Knoten-ID für einen bestimmten Vault (Vault 0 = 1, Vault 1 = 2).
    pub fn get_root_node_id_for_vault(vault_id: u32) -> i64 {
        if vault_id == 1 {
            2
        } else {
            1
        }
    }

    /// Löst einen hierarchischen Pfad innerhalb eines bestimmten Vaults auf.
    pub fn resolve_path_in_vault(
        &self,
        raw_path: &str,
        vault_id: u32,
        dek: &[u8; 32],
    ) -> Result<Option<NodeRecord>> {
        let root_id = Self::get_root_node_id_for_vault(vault_id);
        let normalized = raw_path.trim_matches('/');
        if normalized.is_empty() {
            return self.get_node_by_id_in_vault(root_id, vault_id, dek);
        }

        let segments: Vec<&str> = normalized.split('/').filter(|s| !s.is_empty()).collect();
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();

        let mut current_id = root_id;
        let mut last_record = None;

        for (idx, segment) in segments.iter().enumerate() {
            if vault_id == 0 {
                let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
                    "SELECT id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at
                     FROM nodes
                     WHERE parent_id = ?1 AND name = ?2",
                )?;

                let record: Option<NodeRecord> = stmt
                    .query_row(params![current_id, segment], |row| {
                        Ok(NodeRecord {
                            id: row.get(0)?,
                            parent_id: row.get(1)?,
                            name: row.get(2)?,
                            is_dir: row.get::<_, i32>(3)? != 0,
                            size: row.get::<_, i64>(4)? as u64,
                            created_at: row.get::<_, i64>(5)? as u64,
                            modified_at: row.get::<_, i64>(6)? as u64,
                        })
                    })
                    .optional()?;

                match record {
                    Some(rec) => {
                        if idx + 1 < segments.len() && !rec.is_dir {
                            return Ok(None);
                        }
                        current_id = rec.id;
                        last_record = Some(rec);
                    }
                    None => return Ok(None),
                }
            } else {
                // Hidden Vault: Durchsuche Kinder des aktuellen Ordners und entschlüssele die Namen
                let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
                    "SELECT id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at
                     FROM nodes
                     WHERE parent_id = ?1",
                )?;

                let rows = stmt.query_map(params![current_id], |row| {
                    Ok((
                        row.get::<_, i64>(0)?,
                        row.get::<_, Option<i64>>(1)?,
                        row.get::<_, String>(2)?,
                        row.get::<_, i32>(3)? != 0,
                        row.get::<_, i64>(4)? as u64,
                        row.get::<_, i64>(5)? as u64,
                        row.get::<_, i64>(6)? as u64,
                    ))
                })?;

                let mut matched_record = None;
                for r in rows {
                    let (id, p_id, enc_name, is_dir, size, c_at, m_at) = r?;
                    let dec_name = decrypt_node_name(dek, p_id.unwrap_or(0), &enc_name).unwrap_or(enc_name);
                    if dec_name == *segment {
                        matched_record = Some(NodeRecord {
                            id,
                            parent_id: p_id,
                            name: dec_name,
                            is_dir,
                            size,
                            created_at: c_at,
                            modified_at: m_at,
                        });
                        break;
                    }
                }

                match matched_record {
                    Some(rec) => {
                        if idx + 1 < segments.len() && !rec.is_dir {
                            return Ok(None);
                        }
                        current_id = rec.id;
                        last_record = Some(rec);
                    }
                    None => return Ok(None),
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(last_record)
    }

    /// Löst einen hierarchischen Pfad im Standard-Vault (Vault 0) auf.
    pub fn resolve_path(&self, raw_path: &str) -> Result<Option<NodeRecord>> {
        self.resolve_path_in_vault(raw_path, 0, &[0u8; 32])
    }

    pub fn get_node_by_id_in_vault(
        &self,
        id: i64,
        vault_id: u32,
        dek: &[u8; 32],
    ) -> Result<Option<NodeRecord>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at
             FROM nodes WHERE id = ?1",
        )?;

        let record = stmt
            .query_row(params![id], |row| {
                let enc_name: String = row.get(2)?;
                let p_id: Option<i64> = row.get(1)?;
                let name = if vault_id == 1 {
                    decrypt_node_name(dek, p_id.unwrap_or(0), &enc_name).unwrap_or(enc_name)
                } else {
                    enc_name
                };

                Ok(NodeRecord {
                    id: row.get(0)?,
                    parent_id: row.get(1)?,
                    name,
                    is_dir: row.get::<_, i32>(3)? != 0,
                    size: row.get::<_, i64>(4)? as u64,
                    created_at: row.get::<_, i64>(5)? as u64,
                    modified_at: row.get::<_, i64>(6)? as u64,
                })
            })
            .optional()?;

        Ok(record)
    }

    pub fn get_node_by_id(&self, id: i64) -> Result<Option<NodeRecord>> {
        self.get_node_by_id_in_vault(id, 0, &[0u8; 32])
    }

    /// Listet alle direkten Kinder eines Verzeichnisknotens innerhalb eines Vaults auf.
    pub fn list_children_in_vault(
        &self,
        parent_id: i64,
        vault_id: u32,
        dek: &[u8; 32],
    ) -> Result<Vec<NodeRecord>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at
             FROM nodes
             WHERE parent_id = ?1
             ORDER BY is_dir DESC, id ASC",
        )?;

        let rows = stmt.query_map(params![parent_id], |row| {
            let enc_name: String = row.get(2)?;
            let name = if vault_id == 1 {
                decrypt_node_name(dek, parent_id, &enc_name).unwrap_or(enc_name)
            } else {
                enc_name
            };

            Ok(NodeRecord {
                id: row.get(0)?,
                parent_id: row.get(1)?,
                name,
                is_dir: row.get::<_, i32>(3)? != 0,
                size: row.get::<_, i64>(4)? as u64,
                created_at: row.get::<_, i64>(5)? as u64,
                modified_at: row.get::<_, i64>(6)? as u64,
            })
        })?;

        let mut entries = Vec::new();
        for r in rows {
            entries.push(r?);
        }
        Ok(entries)
    }

    /// Listet alle direkten Kinder eines Verzeichnisknotens im Standard-Vault auf.
    pub fn list_children(&self, parent_id: i64) -> Result<Vec<NodeRecord>> {
        self.list_children_in_vault(parent_id, 0, &[0u8; 32])
    }

    /// Erstellt einen neuen Datei- oder Ordnerknoten in einem bestimmten Vault.
    pub fn create_node_in_vault(
        &self,
        vault_id: u32,
        parent_id: i64,
        name: &str,
        is_dir: bool,
        dek: &[u8; 32],
    ) -> Result<NodeRecord> {
        let now = current_timestamp();
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();

        let stored_name = if vault_id == 1 {
            encrypt_node_name(dek, parent_id, name)
        } else {
            name.to_string()
        };

        conn.execute(
            "INSERT INTO nodes (parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at)
             VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, 0, ?4, ?5)",
            params![parent_id, stored_name, if is_dir { 1 } else { 0 }, now, now],
        )?;

        let new_id = conn.last_insert_rowid();

        let _ = conn.execute(
            "UPDATE nodes SET modified_at = ?1 WHERE id = ?2",
            params![now, parent_id],
        );

        Ok(NodeRecord {
            id: new_id,
            parent_id: Some(parent_id),
            name: name.to_string(),
            is_dir,
            size: 0,
            created_at: now,
            modified_at: now,
        })
    }

    /// Erstellt einen neuen Datei- oder Ordnerknoten im Standard-Vault.
    pub fn create_node(&self, parent_id: i64, name: &str, is_dir: bool) -> Result<NodeRecord> {
        self.create_node_in_vault(0, parent_id, name, is_dir, &[0u8; 32])
    }

    /// Aktualisiert Dateigröße und Modifikationszeitstempel eines Knotens.
    pub fn update_node_size_and_time(&self, id: i64, size: u64, modified_at: u64) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        conn.execute(
            "UPDATE nodes SET size = ?1, modified_at = ?2 WHERE id = ?3",
            params![size as i64, modified_at as i64, id],
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Löscht einen Knoten und shreddert alle assoziierten Chunks atomar.
    pub fn delete_node(&self, id: i64) -> Result<()> {
        // 1. Shredde Chunks dieses Knotens mit kryptografischem Zufallsrauschen
        let _ = self.shred_chunks_for_node(id);

        // 2. Shredde auch rekursiv alle Unterknoten
        let child_ids: Vec<i64> = {
            let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
            let mut stmt = conn.prepare("SELECT id FROM nodes WHERE parent_id = ?1")?;
            let ids = stmt
                .query_map(params![id], |row| row.get(0))?
                .filter_map(|r| r.ok())
                .collect();
            ids
        };

        for child_id in child_ids {
            let _ = self.delete_node(child_id);
        }

        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        conn.execute("DELETE FROM chunks WHERE node_id = ?1", params![id])?;
        conn.execute("DELETE FROM nodes WHERE id = ?1", params![id])?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Benennt einen Knoten um und/oder verschiebt ihn in ein anderes Verzeichnis.
    pub fn rename_node_in_vault(
        &self,
        id: i64,
        new_parent_id: i64,
        new_name: &str,
        vault_id: u32,
        dek: &[u8; 32],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let now = current_timestamp();
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let stored_name = if vault_id == 1 {
            encrypt_node_name(dek, new_parent_id, new_name)
        } else {
            new_name.to_string()
        };

        conn.execute(
            "UPDATE nodes SET parent_id = ?1, name = ?2, modified_at = ?3 WHERE id = ?4",
            params![new_parent_id, stored_name, now, id],
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn rename_node(&self, id: i64, new_parent_id: i64, new_name: &str) -> Result<()> {
        self.rename_node_in_vault(id, new_parent_id, new_name, 0, &[0u8; 32])
    }

    /// Liest einen verschlüsselten Chunk aus der Datenbank.
    pub fn read_chunk(&self, node_id: i64, chunk_index: u32) -> Result<Option<ChunkRecord>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT nonce, tag, ciphertext FROM chunks WHERE node_id = ?1 AND chunk_index = ?2",
        )?;

        let record = stmt
            .query_row(params![node_id, chunk_index], |row| {
                let nonce_vec: Vec<u8> = row.get(0)?;
                let tag_vec: Vec<u8> = row.get(1)?;
                let ciphertext: Vec<u8> = row.get(2)?;

                let mut nonce = [0u8; 12];
                let mut tag = [0u8; 16];
                if nonce_vec.len() == 12 {
                    nonce.copy_from_slice(&nonce_vec);
                }
                if tag_vec.len() == 16 {
                    tag.copy_from_slice(&tag_vec);
                }

                Ok(ChunkRecord {
                    node_id,
                    chunk_index,
                    nonce,
                    tag,
                    ciphertext,
                })
            })
            .optional()?;

        Ok(record)
    }

    /// Schreibt oder aktualisiert einen verschlüsselten Chunk in der Datenbank.
    pub fn write_chunk(
        &self,
        node_id: i64,
        chunk_index: u32,
        nonce: &[u8; 12],
        tag: &[u8; 16],
        ciphertext: &[u8],
    ) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        conn.execute(
            "INSERT INTO chunks (node_id, chunk_index, nonce, tag, ciphertext)
             VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5)
             ON CONFLICT(node_id, chunk_index) DO UPDATE SET
                nonce = excluded.nonce,
                tag = excluded.tag,
                ciphertext = excluded.ciphertext",
            params![
                node_id,
                chunk_index,
                nonce.as_slice(),
                tag.as_slice(),
                ciphertext,
            ],
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Schneidet überzählige Chunks ab (z. B. beim Truncate oder Überschreiben mit kleinerer Datei)
    /// und shreddert die abzuschneidenden Chunks vorher mit kryptografischem Zufallsrauschen.
    pub fn truncate_chunks_after(&self, node_id: i64, max_chunk_index: u32) -> Result<()> {
        let mut conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let tx = conn.transaction()?;
        {
            let mut stmt = tx.prepare(
                "SELECT chunk_index, length(ciphertext) FROM chunks WHERE node_id = ?1 AND chunk_index > ?2",
            )?;
            let chunks_to_shred: Vec<(u32, usize)> = stmt
                .query_map(params![node_id, max_chunk_index], |row| {
                    Ok((row.get(0)?, row.get::<_, usize>(1)?))
                })?
                .filter_map(|r| r.ok())
                .collect();

            let mut update_stmt = tx.prepare(
                "UPDATE chunks SET nonce = ?1, tag = ?2, ciphertext = ?3 WHERE node_id = ?4 AND chunk_index = ?5",
            )?;

            for (idx, len) in chunks_to_shred {
                let mut dummy_nonce = [0u8; 12];
                let mut dummy_tag = [0u8; 16];
                let mut dummy_payload = vec![0u8; len];
                OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut dummy_nonce);
                OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut dummy_tag);
                OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut dummy_payload);

                let _ = update_stmt.execute(params![
                    dummy_nonce.as_slice(),
                    dummy_tag.as_slice(),
                    dummy_payload.as_slice(),
                    node_id,
                    idx
                ]);
            }
        }

        tx.execute(
            "DELETE FROM chunks WHERE node_id = ?1 AND chunk_index > ?2",
            params![node_id, max_chunk_index],
        )?;
        tx.commit()?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Erzwingt einen SQLite WAL Checkpoint und leert das Write-Ahead-Log.
    pub fn checkpoint(&self) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let _res: (i64, i64, i64) = conn.query_row(
            "PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE);",
            [],
            |row| Ok((row.get(0)?, row.get(1)?, row.get(2)?)),
        )?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Erstellt ein konsistentes Online-Live-Backup der gesamten Container-Datenbank via SQLite Online Backup API.
    /// Kann auch während eines aktiven WebDAV-Mounts ohne Lese-/Schreibkonflikte ausgeführt werden.
    pub fn online_backup<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, dest_path: P) -> Result<()> {
        let dest_path = dest_path.as_ref();
        if let Some(parent) = dest_path.parent() {
            if !parent.as_os_str().is_empty() {
                std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
            }
        }

        let mut dest_conn = Connection::open(dest_path)?;
        let src_conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();

        let backup = rusqlite::backup::Backup::new(&src_conn, &mut dest_conn)?;
        backup.run_to_completion(100, std::time::Duration::from_millis(20), None)?;
        drop(backup);

        dest_conn.execute_batch("PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE);")?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Stellt einen Container vollständig aus einer Sicherungskopie wieder her und verifiziert die Konsistenz.
    pub fn restore_from_backup<P: AsRef<Path>>(backup_path: P, dest_path: P) -> Result<()> {
        let backup_path = backup_path.as_ref();
        let dest_path = dest_path.as_ref();

        if !backup_path.exists() {
            bail!("Backup-Datei '{}' existiert nicht.", backup_path.display());
        }

        if let Some(parent) = dest_path.parent() {
            if !parent.as_os_str().is_empty() {
                std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
            }
        }

        let src_conn = Connection::open(backup_path)?;
        let mut dest_conn = Connection::open(dest_path)?;

        let backup = rusqlite::backup::Backup::new(&src_conn, &mut dest_conn)?;
        backup.run_to_completion(100, std::time::Duration::from_millis(20), None)?;
        drop(backup);
        drop(src_conn);

        dest_conn.execute_batch("PRAGMA wal_checkpoint(TRUNCATE);")?;

        // B-Tree Integritätsprüfung
        let check: String = dest_conn.query_row("PRAGMA quick_check;", [], |r| r.get(0))?;
        if check != "ok" {
            bail!("Integritätsprüfung des wiederhergestellten Containers fehlgeschlagen: {check}");
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Schreibt oder stellt die Metadaten in der `meta`-Tabelle wieder her (z. B. nach Restore oder Header-Neugenerierung).
    pub fn restore_meta(&self, meta: &ContainerMeta) -> Result<()> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();

        conn.execute_batch(
            "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS meta (
                slot_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT 0,
                magic BLOB NOT NULL,
                version INTEGER NOT NULL,
                kdf_salt BLOB NOT NULL,
                kdf_params TEXT NOT NULL,
                wrapped_dek BLOB NOT NULL,
                header_nonce BLOB NOT NULL,
                header_tag BLOB NOT NULL
            );",
        )?;

        conn.execute("DELETE FROM meta", [])?;

        let mut has_slot1 = false;
        if !meta.slots.is_empty() {
            for slot in &meta.slots {
                if slot.slot_id == 1 {
                    has_slot1 = true;
                }
                let params_json = serde_json::to_string(&slot.kdf_params)?;
                conn.execute(
                    "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
                     VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7, ?8)",
                    params![
                        slot.slot_id,
                        MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                        slot.version,
                        slot.kdf_salt.as_slice(),
                        params_json,
                        slot.wrapped_dek,
                        slot.header_nonce.as_slice(),
                        slot.header_tag.as_slice(),
                    ],
                )?;
            }
        } else {
            let params_json = serde_json::to_string(&meta.kdf_params)?;
            conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
                 VALUES (0, ?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7)",
                params![
                    MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                    meta.version,
                    meta.kdf_salt.as_slice(),
                    params_json,
                    meta.wrapped_dek,
                    meta.header_nonce.as_slice(),
                    meta.header_tag.as_slice(),
                ],
            )?;
        }

        // Falls Slot 1 nicht existiert (z. B. altes Single-Slot Backup), erzeuge Dummy-Slot für Plausible Deniability
        if !has_slot1 {
            let (dummy_dek, dummy_nonce, dummy_tag, dummy_salt) = generate_dummy_slot();
            let dummy_params_json = serde_json::to_string(&KdfParams::default())?;
            conn.execute(
                "INSERT INTO meta (slot_id, magic, version, kdf_salt, kdf_params, wrapped_dek, header_nonce, header_tag)
                 VALUES (1, ?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7)",
                params![
                    MAGIC_BYTES.as_slice(),
                    FORMAT_VERSION,
                    dummy_salt.as_slice(),
                    dummy_params_json,
                    dummy_dek.as_slice(),
                    dummy_nonce.as_slice(),
                    dummy_tag.as_slice(),
                ],
            )?;
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Führt SQLite-eigene Integritäts- und Foreign-Key-Prüfungen aus.
    pub fn run_sqlite_integrity_check(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut issues = Vec::new();

        // 1. PRAGMA integrity_check
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare("PRAGMA integrity_check;")?;
        let rows = stmt.query_map([], |row| row.get::<_, String>(0))?;
        for r in rows {
            let msg = r?;
            if msg.to_lowercase() != "ok" {
                issues.push(format!("SQLite integrity error: {msg}"));
            }
        }

        // 2. PRAGMA foreign_key_check
        let mut fk_stmt = conn.prepare("PRAGMA foreign_key_check;")?;
        let fk_rows = fk_stmt.query_map([], |row| {
            let table: String = row.get(0)?;
            let rowid: i64 = row.get(1)?;
            let parent: String = row.get(2)?;
            let fkid: i64 = row.get(3)?;
            Ok(format!(
                "Foreign Key Verletzung in Tabelle '{table}', RowId {rowid}, Ziel '{parent}', FK #{fkid}"
            ))
        })?;
        for r in fk_rows {
            issues.push(r?);
        }

        Ok(issues)
    }

    /// Zählt die Anzahl von Verzeichnissen, Dateien und Daten-Chunks im Container.
    pub fn count_nodes_and_chunks(&self) -> Result<(usize, usize, usize)> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let dirs: i64 =
            conn.query_row("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM nodes WHERE is_dir = 1", [], |r| {
                r.get(0)
            })?;
        let files: i64 =
            conn.query_row("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM nodes WHERE is_dir = 0", [], |r| {
                r.get(0)
            })?;
        let chunks: i64 = conn.query_row("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chunks", [], |r| r.get(0))?;
        Ok((dirs as usize, files as usize, chunks as usize))
    }

    /// Listet alle Knoten (Dateien und Ordner) im gesamten Baum auf.
    pub fn list_all_nodes(&self) -> Result<Vec<NodeRecord>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt = conn.prepare(
            "SELECT id, parent_id, name, is_dir, size, created_at, modified_at FROM nodes ORDER BY id ASC",
        )?;
        let rows = stmt.query_map([], |row| {
            Ok(NodeRecord {
                id: row.get(0)?,
                parent_id: row.get(1)?,
                name: row.get(2)?,
                is_dir: row.get::<_, i32>(3)? != 0,
                size: row.get::<_, i64>(4)? as u64,
                created_at: row.get::<_, i64>(5)? as u64,
                modified_at: row.get::<_, i64>(6)? as u64,
            })
        })?;
        let mut result = Vec::new();
        for r in rows {
            result.push(r?);
        }
        Ok(result)
    }

    /// Liefert alle vorhandenen Chunk-Identifikatoren (node_id, chunk_index).
    pub fn list_all_chunk_headers(&self) -> Result<Vec<(i64, u32)>> {
        let conn = self.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let mut stmt =
            conn.prepare("SELECT node_id, chunk_index FROM chunks ORDER BY node_id, chunk_index")?;
        let rows = stmt.query_map([], |row| {
            let nid: i64 = row.get(0)?;
            let cidx: u32 = row.get(1)?;
            Ok((nid, cidx))
        })?;
        let mut result = Vec::new();
        for r in rows {
            result.push(r?);
        }
        Ok(result)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_storage_schema_and_path_resolution() {
        let db = Database::open_in_memory().unwrap();
        let salt = [1u8; 16];
        let kdf_params = KdfParams::default();
        let wrapped_dek = vec![2u8; 32];
        let nonce = [3u8; 12];
        let tag = [4u8; 16];

        db.init_schema(&salt, &kdf_params, &wrapped_dek, &nonce, &tag).unwrap();

        // Meta abrufen
        let meta = db.read_meta().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(meta.version, FORMAT_VERSION);
        assert_eq!(meta.kdf_salt, salt);
        assert_eq!(meta.wrapped_dek, wrapped_dek);

        // Root prüfen
        let root = db.resolve_path("/").unwrap().expect("Root node must exist");
        assert_eq!(root.id, 1);
        assert!(root.is_dir);

        // Ordner und Datei erstellen
        let docs = db.create_node(root.id, "documents", true).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(docs.name, "documents");
        assert!(docs.is_dir);

        let file = db.create_node(docs.id, "notes.txt", false).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(file.name, "notes.txt");
        assert!(!file.is_dir);

        // Pfadauflösung testen
        let resolved_file = db.resolve_path("/documents/notes.txt").unwrap().expect("File should resolve");
        assert_eq!(resolved_file.id, file.id);

        let resolved_docs = db.resolve_path("documents").unwrap().expect("Docs should resolve");
        assert_eq!(resolved_docs.id, docs.id);

        // Chunks schreiben & lesen
        let test_cipher = b"ENCRYPTED_DATA_BLOCK";
        let c_nonce = [7u8; 12];
        let c_tag = [8u8; 16];
        db.write_chunk(file.id, 0, &c_nonce, &c_tag, test_cipher).unwrap();

        let chunk = db.read_chunk(file.id, 0).unwrap().expect("Chunk 0 should exist");
        assert_eq!(chunk.ciphertext, test_cipher);

        // Truncate
        db.truncate_chunks_after(file.id, 0).unwrap();
        let chunk_after = db.read_chunk(file.id, 0).unwrap();
        assert!(chunk_after.is_some());

        // Löschen
        db.delete_node(file.id).unwrap();
        let deleted_res = db.resolve_path("/documents/notes.txt").unwrap();
        assert!(deleted_res.is_none());
        assert!(db.read_chunk(file.id, 0).unwrap().is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_storage_compaction_and_incremental_vacuum() {
        let temp_dir = std::env::temp_dir();
        let db_path = temp_dir.join(format!("compact_test_{}.sanctum", std::process::id()));
        if db_path.exists() {
            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&db_path);
        }
        let db = Database::open(&db_path).unwrap();

        let salt = [1u8; 16];
        let kdf_params = KdfParams::default();
        let wrapped_dek = vec![2u8; 32];
        let nonce = [3u8; 12];
        let tag = [4u8; 16];

        db.init_schema(&salt, &kdf_params, &wrapped_dek, &nonce, &tag).unwrap();

        let root = db.resolve_path("/").unwrap().expect("Root node");
        let file = db.create_node(root.id, "large_file.bin", false).unwrap();

        // 20 Chunks à 64 KB schreiben, um SQLite Seiten zuzuweisen
        let payload = vec![0x42u8; 64 * 1024];
        let c_nonce = [5u8; 12];
        let c_tag = [6u8; 16];
        for i in 0..20 {
            db.write_chunk(file.id, i, &c_nonce, &c_tag, &payload).unwrap();
        }
        db.checkpoint().unwrap();

        // Datei löschen -> Chunks werden geschreddert und Seiten wandern in Freelist
        db.delete_node(file.id).unwrap();
        db.checkpoint().unwrap();

        let freelist_before = db.freelist_count().unwrap();
        assert!(freelist_before > 0, "Freelist sollte nach dem Löschen freie Seiten enthalten");

        // Incremental Vacuum ausführen
        let freed = db.incremental_vacuum(None).unwrap();
        assert!(freed > 0, "Es sollten Seiten freigegeben werden");
        assert_eq!(freed, freelist_before, "Alle freien Seiten müssen freigegeben werden");

        let freelist_after = db.freelist_count().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(freelist_after, 0, "Freelist sollte nach Vacuum 0 sein");

        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&db_path);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cryptographic_chunk_shredding() {
        let db = Database::open_in_memory().unwrap();
        let salt = [1u8; 16];
        let kdf_params = KdfParams::default();
        let wrapped_dek = vec![2u8; 32];
        let nonce = [3u8; 12];
        let tag = [4u8; 16];

        db.init_schema(&salt, &kdf_params, &wrapped_dek, &nonce, &tag).unwrap();
        let root = db.resolve_path("/").unwrap().expect("Root");
        let file = db.create_node(root.id, "sensitive.dat", false).unwrap();

        let sensitive_payload = b"VERY_SENSITIVE_PLAINTEXT_OR_CIPHERTEXT";
        let c_nonce = [10u8; 12];
        let c_tag = [11u8; 16];
        db.write_chunk(file.id, 0, &c_nonce, &c_tag, sensitive_payload).unwrap();

        // Shredde Chunks
        db.shred_chunks_for_node(file.id).unwrap();

        // Prüfe, was sich in der Chunks-Tabelle befindet
        let chunk = db.read_chunk(file.id, 0).unwrap().expect("Chunk existiert noch");
        assert_ne!(chunk.ciphertext, sensitive_payload, "Ciphertext muss überschrieben sein!");
        assert_eq!(chunk.ciphertext.len(), sensitive_payload.len(), "Länge muss identisch sein");
        assert_ne!(chunk.nonce, c_nonce, "Nonce muss überschrieben sein");
        assert_ne!(chunk.tag, c_tag, "Tag muss überschrieben sein");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_hidden_vault_isolation_and_filename_encryption() {
        let db = Database::open_in_memory().unwrap();
        let salt0 = [1u8; 16];
        let kdf_params0 = KdfParams::default();
        let wrapped_dek0 = vec![10u8; 32];
        let nonce0 = [11u8; 12];
        let tag0 = [12u8; 16];

        let salt1 = [2u8; 16];
        let kdf_params1 = KdfParams::default();
        let wrapped_dek1 = vec![20u8; 32];
        let nonce1 = [21u8; 12];
        let tag1 = [22u8; 16];

        let dek0 = [0xAAu8; 32];
        let dek1 = [0xBBu8; 32];

        db.init_schema_with_hidden(
            &salt0, &kdf_params0, &wrapped_dek0, &nonce0, &tag0,
            Some((&salt1, &kdf_params1, &wrapped_dek1, &nonce1, &tag1)),
        ).unwrap();

        // Slots prüfen
        let slots = db.read_slots().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(slots.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(slots[0].slot_id, 0);
        assert_eq!(slots[1].slot_id, 1);

        // Datei in Vault 0 (Decoy) erstellen
        let root0 = db.resolve_path_in_vault("/", 0, &dek0).unwrap().expect("Root 0");
        assert_eq!(root0.id, 1);
        let decoy_file = db.create_node_in_vault(0, root0.id, "public_recipe.txt", false, &dek0).unwrap();

        // Datei in Vault 1 (Hidden) erstellen
        let root1 = db.resolve_path_in_vault("/", 1, &dek1).unwrap().expect("Root 1");
        assert_eq!(root1.id, 2);
        let hidden_file = db.create_node_in_vault(1, root1.id, "classified_leak.pdf", false, &dek1).unwrap();

        // Auflösen in Vault 0: Sieht nur public_recipe.txt
        let res_decoy = db.resolve_path_in_vault("/public_recipe.txt", 0, &dek0).unwrap();
        assert!(res_decoy.is_some());
        assert_eq!(res_decoy.unwrap().id, decoy_file.id);

        let res_hidden_in_v0 = db.resolve_path_in_vault("/classified_leak.pdf", 0, &dek0).unwrap();
        assert!(res_hidden_in_v0.is_none(), "Vault 0 darf keine Dateien aus Hidden Vault auflösen!");

        // Auflösen in Vault 1: Sieht nur classified_leak.pdf
        let res_hidden = db.resolve_path_in_vault("/classified_leak.pdf", 1, &dek1).unwrap();
        assert!(res_hidden.is_some());
        assert_eq!(res_hidden.unwrap().id, hidden_file.id);

        let res_decoy_in_v1 = db.resolve_path_in_vault("/public_recipe.txt", 1, &dek1).unwrap();
        assert!(res_decoy_in_v1.is_none(), "Vault 1 darf keine Dateien aus Vault 0 auflösen!");

        // Forensische Prüfung: Roh-Inspektion der SQLite-Tabellen
        let conn = db.conn.lock().unwrap();
        let raw_name_v0: String = conn.query_row(
            "SELECT name FROM nodes WHERE id = ?1",
            params![decoy_file.id],
            |r| r.get(0),
        ).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(raw_name_v0, "public_recipe.txt");

        let raw_name_v1: String = conn.query_row(
            "SELECT name FROM nodes WHERE id = ?1",
            params![hidden_file.id],
            |r| r.get(0),
        ).unwrap();
        // Plausible Deniability: Kein $h$-Präfix, kein Klartext
        assert!(!raw_name_v1.starts_with("$h$"), "Hidden Vault Dateiname darf kein $h$-Präfix mehr besitzen");
        assert!(!raw_name_v1.contains("classified_leak"), "Plaintext darf keinesfalls in SQLite DB auftauchen");

        // Keine Spalte `vault_id` in nodes oder chunks
        let has_vault_id_nodes: i64 = conn.query_row(
            "SELECT count(*) FROM pragma_table_info('nodes') WHERE name = 'vault_id'",
            [],
            |r| r.get(0),
        ).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(has_vault_id_nodes, 0, "vault_id darf nicht in nodes existieren");

        let has_vault_id_chunks: i64 = conn.query_row(
            "SELECT count(*) FROM pragma_table_info('chunks') WHERE name = 'vault_id'",
            [],
            |r| r.get(0),
        ).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(has_vault_id_chunks, 0, "vault_id darf nicht in chunks existieren");
    }
}